Friday 7 September 2012

ACUTANCE [Film Technology]


ACUTANCE
[Film Technology]


In Film technology measure of sharpness at image edges. Acutance corresponds most closely with the subjective idea of sharpness. A micro densitometer is used to trace the density variations across an abrupt light-to-darkness edge. The density changing is never instantaneous. A more rapid in rise in density corresponds to a sharper image. The adjacency effect-fringing, on outlining, caused by poor-developer-agitation-actually steepens contrast of sharp edges and improves acutance.  

ACTOR [Film Actor]


ACTOR [Film Actor]


There is tendencies to regard actors as people used only in the production films, but nothing could be further from the truth. Quite simply an actor may be regarded as any one who is aware of being filmed. Once people are aware that they are being filmed, acting-albeit in broadest sense of the word-is involved. Actions are no longer spontaneous but enter the area of controlled activity, either from the subject or the director. There is a striving for effect which if it is to look right and natural must be controlled, either in subsequent selection from a choice of footage or in the initial shooting. Using experienced amateurs, is that few have previous filming experience and may be unaware of the differences in acting techniques between stage and screen. The larger than the performances needed in a theater is hopeless for the cinema. With film it is the camera which exaggerates and enlarges every gesture and move so that restraint becomes essential on the part of the actor. A further difficulty generally experienced by the stage actors on the film set, is coming to terms with the essentially fragmented nature of shooting. Out of sequence filming is strange to him and, not un naturally, they are left with a feeling of a lot of unconnected rehearsals and no actual performance

Jnan Enna Mahaan Short Story


ചെറുകഥ 

""ഞാന്‍ എന്ന മഹാന്‍ '' 

പ്രദീപ്‌ വാസുദേവ് 



ഞാന്‍ എന്‍റെ അന്വേഷണം തുടങ്ങിയിട്ട് ദശകങ്ങള്‍ അധികമായി. Ignª \qäm-­n HcmÄ kXys¯ At\z-jn¨v ]co-£-W-§Ä  \S-¯n-bn-«p-s­¶v  Ah-Im-i-s¸«v ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xn-bn-«p-­v. ]co-£-W-^-e-ambn Is­-¯nb kXy-§Ä A\n-tj-[y-§-fm-sW¶v At±lhpw \ntj-[y-§-fm-Wm¶v Rm\pw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶p. Fsâ At\z-j-W-§Ä At±-l-s¯-t¸se kXys¯ tXSn-b-sÃ-¦nepw  Fsâ At\z-j-W-¯nsâ al-Xz-s¯-¸än t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ A¡mcyw HmÀ½n-¸n-¨p-sh-t¶-bp-Åq.

Rm³ Hcp alm-\m-sW¶v Ct¸mÄ t_m[y-am-bn-tÃ? aämcpw ]d-ªn-sÃ-¦nepw Fsâ al-Xz-s¯-¸än Rm³ Xs¶ ]d-b-W-a-tÃm! adn-¨mWv Xm¦Ä hnNm-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¦nepw Fs¶ Hcp al-m-\mbn ImW-W-sa¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p. F\n-bv¡p-th­n Rm³ Xs¶ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡-W-a-tÃm. al-Xz-¯nsâ \nÀÆ-N\w tNmZn-¡-cp-Xv. F\n-¡-d-nbn-Ã. Adn-b-W-sa¶v F\nbv¡v Dt±-Èhpan-Ã. al-Xz-s¯-¡p-dn-s¨-¶Ã H¶n-s\-¡p-dn¨pw Ad-nb-W-sa¶v F\n¡v Dt±-È-an-Ã. ]s£ FÃmw Andbmw F¶v Rm³ `mhn-¡p-Ibpw \Sn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Fsâ ]c-a-Úm-\s¯ s]cp-¸n¨pw h{Io-I-cn¨pw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-t¼m-gpÅ `mh-\-S-\-§Ä I­v A´whnSp¶ ]mh-§-fm-WtÃm D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\pÅ Fsâ Cc-IÄ.

Rms\mcp _p²n-Po-hn-bm-sW¶v Xm¦Ä Hcn-bv¡epw ]d-bn-söv F\n-¡-dn-bmw. F¶m Rm³ ]d-bpw. ]d-bp-sa¶v am{X-aà Fs¶ _p²n-Po-hn-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-¡-W-sa¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Xm¦Ä Hcp kmZm Pohn-bm-sW¶v th­n h¶m k½-Xn-¨p-X-cp-sa-¦nepw Hcp _p²n-Po-hn-bm-sW¶v Rm³ Hcn-bv¡epw k½-Xn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. P·-\m Hcp alm\pw _p²n-Po-hn-bp-amb Rm³ F§s\ Xm¦sf AwKo-I-cn-bv¡pw? AÃ! F´n\v AwKo-I-cn-bv¡-Ww?

Hcp-]s£ Xm¦Ä Hcp ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-cn-¡mw. Xm¦fpsS Adnhv FtâXn-t\-¡mÄ Bbn-c-an-c-«n-tbm-f-sa-¦n-ep-ap-­m-bn-cn-bv¡mw. Xm¦-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-tbm-Ky-X-IÄ Ftâ-Xn-t\-¡mÄ ]Xn-·-S§v D¶-X-§-fm-bn-cn-¡mw. F¶p IcpXn Ah-sbms¡ Rm³ AwKo-I-cn-bv¡-W-sa-¶p-t­m? (A-§-s\-sbms¡ Xs¶-bm-sW¶v F\nbv¡v Adnbmsa-¦nepw aämcpw AdnbmXncn-¡m\pw Xm¦sf AwKoI-cn¡mXncn-¡m\pw th­-sXms¡ Rm³ sNbvXn-«p-­v. Ct¸m-gpw sN¿p-¶p-ap-­v.) Xm¦-fpsS Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-hÀ¯-\-§fpw Zo\-Z-bm-ep-Xbpw ]e-h«w t\cn I­v t_m[y-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xm-sW-¦nepw Xm¦Ä Hcp {Iqc\pw lo\\pw BsWt¶ Rm³ ]d-bq. (Fsâ {Iqc-Xbpw lo\-Xbpw ad¨p hbv¡m³ Gähpw \à hgn Xm¦sf A§s\ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-W-tÃm!). AXn-\m Xm¦Ä Hcp almt\m _p²n-Po-hntbm Asöpw Rm³ alm-\mb _p²n-Po-hn-bm-sW¶pw Ct¸mÄ Xm¦Ä¡p t_m[y-am-bn-¡m-Wp-a-tÃm!

Fsâ At\z-j-W-§Ä kXys¯ Is­-¯m³ th­n-bà F¶p Rm³ t\ct¯ ]d-ªp-h-tÃm. {]tXy-In¨v H¶n-t\bpw Is­-¯p-hm-\-Ã. shdptX Hc-t\z-j-Ww. At{X-bp-Åq. Fs´-¦nepw Hcp Is­-¯-en-\pÅ {ia-¯n-em-sW¶v hcp-¯-W-a-tÃm. C§-s\-bm-Ip-t¼mÄ F´n-s\-¡p-dn-¨-t\z-jn-¡p¶p F¶v Bsc-¦nepw tNmZn-¨m Xcm-Xcw t]mse F´n-s\-¡p-dn¨pw ]d-bmw. Xcm-Xcw t]mse F¶p Rm\p-t±-Èn-¨Xv, tNmZn-¡p-¶-bm-fn\v GXp hnj-b-¯n-emWv Aev]hpw AdnhnÃm-¯Xv F¶v X{´-]qÀÆw a\-Ên-em¡n B hnj-sb-s¯-¸än kwkm-cn-¡pw. aäp-Å-h-cpsS Adn-hn-Ãmbva a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Rm³ anSp-¡-\m-W-tÃm. Fsâ DÅn Ds­¶v Rm³ hniz-kn-¡p¶ A\-´-hn-im-e-amb Úm\-km-K-c-¯nsâ AeÀ¨ Rm³ Ahsc tIĸn-¡pw. AXp-tI«v H¶pw a\-Ên-em-Im¯ ]mh-§Ä Rm³ Hcp alm\pw _p²n-Po-hn-bp-am-sW¶v hnNm-cn-¨p-sIm-Åpw. (A-hÀ¡p am{X-aÃ, BÀ¡pw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ am{Xw Rm³ D­m-¡p¶ tImem-l-e-¯n H¶pw ImWn-söv F\n¡p am{Xta And-bmhq F¶mWv Fsâ hnizm-kw. B hnizm-ks¯ Bcpw adnIS-¡-cp-sX¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p.) Fsâ Úm\-km-K-c-¯nsâ AeÀ¨-bpsS {]Xn-[z\n Ah-cn Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶-Xn\p apt¼ Ahsc Rm³ D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\pÅ Fsâ Cc-I-fm¡n amäp-Ibpw sN¿pw.

F´mWv Xm¦Ä Btem-Nn-¡p-¶-sX¶v F\nbv¡p a\-Ên-em-bn. Xm¦-fpsS ho«n Ib-dn-h¶v CsXm-s¡-¸-d-bm³ Rm³ Bsc¶pw F´mWv Imcy-sa-¶p-atà Nn´n-¨Xv? Xm¦Ä Hcp Imcyw HmÀ¡-Ww. Xm¦Ä Hcp CcbmWv. Fsâ D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\pÅ Hcp Øncw Cc am{Xw! hÀj-§-fmbn Fsâ Hcp Cc-am-{Xw. th­..-th-­.. Ct¸mÄ t]gvkv Xpd-¡-­. [rXn-bn-Ã. X¡mew Rm³ ]d-bp-¶Xp tI«ncp¶m am{Xw aXn.

Rm³, Fsâ BZys¯ At\z-jWw \S-¯n-bXv Iptd Zi-I-§Ä¡p ap¼m-Wv. A¶v F\n¡v Ipªn-ss¡-Ifpw Ipªn-¡m-ep-I-fp-amWv D­m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Ah-sIm­v Rm³ At\z-jWw \S-¯n-bXv A¶s¯ sIm¨p hoSnsâ ]n¶m-¼p-ds¯ a¬Np-acnsâ tImtWm-Sp-tNÀ¶ sIm¨p Ipgn-I-fn-em-bncp-¶p. B At\z-j-W-^-e-ambn Rm³ Is­-¯n-bXv ]pd-tIm«p \S-¡p¶ sNdnb Pohn-I-sf-bm-Wv. B Ipgn-bm-\-IÄ Ft¶mSp ]d-ªp:
""R§-sf-t¸mse ]pd-tIm«p \S-¡p-I. ]pd-tIm«p \S-¶m Ncn-{X-¯n-eqsS k©-cn-¡mw. Ncn-{X-¯n-eqsS \S-¶m A\m-Zn-bmb Ime-¯n-eqsS ]n¶n-tebv¡v bm{X sN¿mw. \nsâ bm{Xbpw A\m-Zn-bm-bn-cn-¡pw. A\m-Zn-bm-b-Xn-\m \nsâ bm{X A\-´-hp-am-bn-cn-¡pw.''
Rm³ P·\m _p²n-Po-hn-bpw alm-\p-am-sW-¦nepw AhÀ ]d-ª-Xnsâ s]mcpÄ F\n-¡n¶pw a\-Ên-em-bn-«n-Ã. s]mcp-f-dn-ªn-sÃ-¦nepw ]nt¶m«p \S-¡p¶ Ipgn-bm-\-Kp-cp-¡-·m-cpsS D]-tZiw Rm³ DÄs¡m-­p. A¶p apX Rm³ ]pd-tIm«p \S-¡m³ XpS-§n. Ncn-{X-t¯bpw Ime-t¯bpw ]än Ipgn-bm-\-Kp-cp-¡-·mÀ ]d-ªXv AtÈjw a\-Ên-em-bn-sÃ-¦nepw ]pd-tIm-«p-am{Xw k©-cn¨p ioen¨ F\n¡p apt¼m«p k©-cn-¡p-¶-hsc shdp-¸m-Wv. apt¼m«p Nn´n-¡p-¶-h-tcbpw shdp-¸m-Wv. ]pd-tIm«p t\m¡m³ am{Xw Ign-bp¶ _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb F\n-¡p-ap-¶n AhÀ shdpw a­-·mcpw lo\-·m-cp-am-Wv. apt¶m«p \S-¡m\pw Nn´n-bv¡m\pw Ign-bp¶ Xm¦-tfbpw Rm³ A§s\ Xs¶-bmWv ImWp-¶-Xv.

]n¶o-SpÅ Fsâ ]co-£-W-§Ä \S-¶Xv bp.-]n.-Fkv kvIqfnsâ NmWIw sagp-Inb \ne¯pw ]qgn \ndª ssaXm-\-¯p-am-bn-cp-¶p. A{im´]cn-{ianbmb-Xn-\m ]co-£-W-§Ä hÀj-§-tfmfw \o­p. F¶m {][m\ ]co-£Ww \S-¶Xv Fsâ ico-c¯nse t]inIÄ Dd-bv¡p-Ibpw tcma-cm-Pn-IÄ hf-cp-Ibpw sNbvX Ime-L-«-¯n-em-Wv. B A\z-jWw Fsâ icoc-¯n Xs¶ Bbn-cp-¶p. AXnsâ ^e-ambn Is­-¯nb kXy-§Ä F\nbv¡v kt´m-jhpw kwXr-]vXnbpw \ÂIn-sb-¦nepw Fsâ At\z-j-W-§Ä asämcp Xe-¯ntebv¡v Xncn-¨p-hn-Sm³ Rm³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. AXn-te-bv¡mbn s]¬Ip-«n-I-fpsS aq{X-¸p-c-bpsS hmXn-en sNdnb Zzmc-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw kuIcyw In«n-b-t¸m-sgms¡ DÅn Ibdn Hfn-¨n-cp¶v A\z-jWw \S-¯p-Ibpw sNbvsX¦nepw At\z-j-W-Iu-XpIw Xosc-bn-Ãm¯ B s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ slUvam-Ì-tdmSv ]cmXn ]dªv Fsâ At\z-j-W-Iu-Xp-Is¯ \in¸n¡m³ {ian¨p. At\z-j-W-hm© Xosc-bn-Ãm¯ slUvam-ÌÀ NqcÂ{]-tbm-K-¯n-eqsS Fsâ B A\z-j-W-Iu-Xp-Is¯ \in¸n¨p-. Ct¸mÄ Xm¦Ä Btem-Nn-¨-sX-´m-sW¶v F\n¡p a\-Ên-em-bn. AXp icnbmsW¶v XXv¡mew Rm³ k½-Xn-¡p-¶p. Xm¦Ä Hcp a­\pw lo\-\p-am-sW-¦nepw hÃ-t¸m-gp-sa-¦nepw Xm¦-sf AwKo-I-cn-bv¡m-\pÅ HuZmcyw Rm³ ImWn-¡-W-atÃm! A¶v Rm³ \memw ¢mÊn \n¶v A©mw ¢mÊn-tebv¡v Ib-dn-bn-cp-¶p. P·-\m _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb aIs\ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Fsâ krjvSn-IÀ¯m-¡Ä kvIqfnse Fsâ A\z-j-W-]-c-¼-c-IÄ Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡p-hm³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. AXn\v AhÀ Is­-¯n¸dª ImcWw Ah-cpsS {Iqc-X-tbbpw lo\-X-tbbpw [z\n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-\mdmw hb-Ên A©mw-¢m-Ên-se-¯n-bXv ]T-\-¯n F\nbv¡p Ign-hn-Ãm-¯-Xp-sIm-­m-sW¶v B lo\À ]dªv {]N-cn-¸n-¨p. sXmgn ka-c-§Ä sNbvXv KpcpXzw \jvS-s¸« Kpcp-¡-·mÀ A²ym-]-I-s¯m-gn-I-fmbn A[x-]-Xn-¨-Xp-sIm­v _²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb Fsâ Úm\s¯ ]co-£m-t]-¸-dn Is­-¯m³ A²ym-]-I-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡v Ign-bm-¯-Xp-sIm-­m-sW¶p ]dbm³ Fsâ krjvSn-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡p Ign-ªn-Ã. At¸mgpw Rm³ Ipgn-bm-\-Kp-cp-¡-·m-cpsS D]-tZiw HmÀ¯p-sh-¦nepw AhÀ ]d-ª-Xnsâ s]mcpÄ am{Xw a\-Ên-em-bn-Ã.

A§s\ Fsâ ASp¯ At\z-j-W-amb "B{inXXzw' F¶ ]pcp-jmÀ°w Rm³ XpS-§n. henb ]WvUn-X\pw Fgp-¯p-Im-c\pw alm-\p-am-sW¶p aäp-Å-hÀ hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw F¶m A§-s\-b-söv Rm³ hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Hcm-fnsâ ho«n-emWv Rm³ Fsâ B{inXPohnXw XpS-§n-b-Xv. AbmÄ F\n¡p D]-Po-h\w X¶p. H¶pw shdpsX kzoI-cn-¡p¶ Iq«-¯n-eà Rms\¶v Xm¦Ä¡-dn-bm-a-tÃm. (F´pw shdptX kzoI-cn-¡p-Itbm Cc-¶p-hm-§p-Itbm ]nSn-¨p-]-dnt¨m CsÃ-¦n Is«-Spt¯m am{Xta ioeap-Åq-sh¶v F\n¡p am{Xta And-bmhq F¶mWv Fsâ hnizm-kw. B hnizm-ks¯ adn IS-¡-dp-sX¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p.) AXn\p asäm-cp-]-Im-c-ambn Rm³ AbmÄ¡v kmln-Xy-¯nepw hnÚm-\-¯nepw ]pkvX-I-§Ä cNn¨psImSp-¯p. Ah {]kn-²o-I-cn¨v AbmÄ Iq-Sp-X {]kn-²-\m-bn. Iptd hÀj-§Ä AhnsS Ignªp t]mbn. Ct¸mÄ ]d-ªXv Xm¦Ä hniz-kn-¨n-«n-söv F\nbv¡p a\-Ên-em-bn. ]s£, Xm¦Ä hniz-kn-¡-W-sa¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p. AbmÄ¡p aZyw hm§epw hnSp-]-Wn-bp-am-bn-cp¶p Fsâ Ahn-Ss¯ tPmen-I-sf¶v Nne Akq-b-¡mÀ ]d-ªp ]c-¯n-bXv Xm¦Ä HmÀ¡p-I-t]mepw sN¿-cp-Xv. Fsâ ]mWvUn-Xy-¯nepw al-Xz-¯nepw Akq-b-]q­ AbmÄ Fs¶ \µn-bn-ÃmsX ]pd-¯m-¡nsbt¶ Xm¦Ä Icp-Xmhq. At¸mÄ Rm³ ]gb Ipgn-bm-\-Kp-cp-¡-·msc HmÀ¯p. Imcy-ap-­m-bn-«-Ã. shdpsX HmÀ¯p-sh¶v am{Xw. Ah-cm-WtÃm ]pd-tIm«p am{Xw \S-¡m\pw Nn´n¡m\pw ]Tn-¸n-¨-Xv.

Xm¦Ä Ct¸mÄ Ft´m ]d-bm³ {ian¨p-h-tÃm. th­. Ct¸mÄ H¶pw ]d-b-­. shdpsX tI«n-cp-¶m am{Xw aXn. Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw Hmtcm ka-b¯v Hmtcm IÀ½-ap-­m-Ip-a-tÃm. Ct¸mÄ Rm³ ]d-bp-¶Xv tI«n-cn-¡pI F¶-XmWv Xm¦-fpsS IÀ½w AYhm hn[n. Xm¦Ä Fsâ Hcp Cc-bm-sW¶ Imcyw ad-¡-­.

]n¶oSv Rm³ At\z-jWw \S-¯n-bXv kmln-Xy-c-N-\-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p. B At\z-j-W-¯nsâ ^e-ambn [mcmfw IY-Ifpw Ihn-X-Ifpw teJ-\-§-fp-sa-gp-Xn. kmln-Xy-c-N-\- D¯-tcm-¯cw ]ptcm-K-an-¨psIm­n-cns¡ s]s«-s¶mcp Znhkw Fgp-¯n-\n-S-bn A£-c-§Ä Xmfn \n¶v Fgp-t¶äp \n¶p. Ah Ft¶mSp ]d-ªp:

""\o R§sf sImÃp-I-bm-Wv.''

""Rmt\m?''

""AsX. R§Ä Hcp-an¨p tNÀ¶m hm¡p-Ifpw hm¡p-IÄ Hcp-an¨p tNÀ¶m hmN-I-§-fp-ap-­m-Ip-sa¶v \osbm-gnsI GXp sIm¨p Ip«n-¡p-a-dn-bmw.""

""Rm\pw hmN-I-§Ä Xs¶-bmWv Fgp-Xp-¶-Xv.""

""sshIey-apÅ Poh-\n-Ãm¯ hmN-I-§Ä. BZyw a\-Ên DÄs¡m-Å-Ww. KÀ`-Ø-iniphns\-t¸mse ]cn-N-cn-¡-Ww. Nm]n-Å-bm-bn-t¸m-ImsX t\m¡Ww. Ime-sa-¯pt¼mÄ Poh-t\msS R§Ä ]pd-¯p-h-cpw. BZyw \o \nsâ a\-Ên-tebv¡p t\m¡p-I.. AhnsS Hcp KÀ`-Ø-inip Dt­m-sb-¶v.''

Rm³ t\m¡n. H¶pw I­n-Ã. ho­pw t\m¡n, a\-Ên hà KÀ`-hp-ap-t­m-sb-¶v. H¶pw I­n-söp am{X-aà A£-c§Ä Fgp-t¶äp \n¶v ]d-ª-sXm¶pw F\n¡p ]qÀ®-ambn a\-Ên-em-b-Xp-an-Ã. F¶mepw Rm³ At\z-jWw XpS-cm³ Xs¶ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. (F´n-se-¦n-ep-sams¡ At\z-jWw \S-¯p-¶p-sh¶v hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡-W-a-tÃm. F¶m-età Xm¦-sf-t¸m-se-bpÅ Cc-IÄ F¶pw Fsâ D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\m-bn- Im-WpIbpÅq.) A§s\ hntizm-¯cIrXn-IÄ ]nd¶p hoWp. AXnsâ KpWhpw al-Xzhpw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ {]km-[-I-·mÀ Ahsb Xncn-ªp-t]mepw t\m¡n-bn-Ã.- Xm-¦Ä Ct¸mÄ Nn´n-¨Xv F´m-sW¶v F\nbv¡p a\-Ên-em-bn. -A-§s\ Nn´n-¡-cp-sX¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p. Ipgn-bm-\-Kp-cp-¡-·m-cpsS ]mX ]n´p-S-cp-¶-h-\mWv Rms\¶v Xm¦Ä HmÀ¡-Ww. Fsâ IrXn-I-fpsS al-Xz-s¯-¸än a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ ]ma-c-·mÀ {]km-[-I-·m-bn-cp-¶m hmb-\-¡mÀ¡v F§s\ hntizm-¯-c-Ir-Xn-IÄ e`n-¡pw?

 F´n-\mWv Ct¸mÄ t]gvkv FSp-¡p-¶Xv? Fs¶ s]s«¶v Hgn-hm-¡m-\m-W-tÃ? C¶v F\nbv¡v A{X [rXn-sbm-¶p-an-Ã. F\nbv¡p [rXn-bn-Ãm-¯-Xp-sIm­v Xm¦fpw [rXn ImWnbv¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. Xm¦Ä Fsâ shdpw Hcp Cc-bm-sW-¶ Imcyw ad-¡-­.

Fsâ At\z-jWw asämcp Xe-¯n-tebv¡v Rm³ amän. hnhm-l-¯n-eqsS Zm¼-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ At\z-j-W-am-bn-cp¶p ASp¯ hnj-bw. P·-\m _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm\pw am{X-aÃ, Rm³ kpµ-c-\p-am-Wv. Fsâ kuµ-cy-¯n-\p-ap-¶n Xm¦fpw kI-e-]p-cp-j-{]-P-Ifpw shdpw aÀ¡-S-§-fm-sW¶v Rm³ ]d-bpw. (Xm¦fpw A§s\ Xs¶ ]d-b-W-sa¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p.) Cu temI-¯nse kIe kv{XoIfpw shdpw _p²n-iq-\y-Ifpw alXzw Aev]w t]mep-an-Ãm-¯ \nÀ¤p-W-I-fpam-sW¶v Rm³ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bXv Fsâ Cu At\z-j-W-¯n-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Fsâ al-Xzhpw _p²n-Po-hn-Xzhpw kuµ-cyhpw I­v A]-IÀj-Xm-t_m[w ]q­ kv{XoIÄ H¶-S¦w F¶n \n¶v HmSn-sbm-fn-¡p-I-bm-Wp-­m-b-Xv. CSbv¡v Rm³ Hcp kXyw ]d-bmw. Fsâ D]-Po-h-\-¯n-s\mcp Cc-bm-bn-¯oÀ¶ Xm¦-tfmSv Hcp kXy-sa-¦nepw ]d-bm-\pÅ HuZmcyw Rm³ ImWn-bv¡-W-a-tÃm! Fsâ Cu ]pXnb At\z-jWw XpS-§p-¶-Xn\p ap¼pw ]e {]mhiyw ]e kv{XoI-tfbpw I­p {`an-¨p-h-imbn Rm\-h-cpsS ]pdtI Npän-¯n-cn-ªn-«p-­v. ]s£, Bcpw Fs¶ H¶p Xncnªp t\m¡nbnsöp am{X-a-Ã, Fs¶ B«n-¸m-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv F´p sIm­m-sW¶v As¶ms¡ F{X Btem-Nn-¨n«pw F\nbv¡p a\-Ên-em-bn-Ã. Nne-t¸mÄ Ipgn-bm-\-Kp-cp-¡-·mÀ¡v AXnsâ Imc-W-a-dn-bm-am-bn-cnbv¡mw. Mm.. Hcp Imcyw.. ..  Rm³ Ct¸mÄ ]dª kXys¯ aäm-tcmSpw ]d-b-cp-sX¶p am{X-a-Ã, Xm¦Ä t]mepw Ct¸mÄ apX AXv HmÀ¡cpsX¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p. Cu \nÀ_-Ôw Xm¦Ä ]ment¨ ]äq F¶pw Rm³ \nÀ_-\v[n-¡p-¶p. F´m-bmepw P\-\-tijw Bdp-Z-iI§Ä ]n¶n-«-t¸mgpw Rm³ alm\pw _p²n-Po-hnbpw kpµ-c\pw am{X-a-à \nÀ_-ÔnX{_Ò-Nm-cn-bp-ambn XpS-cp-¶p. Xm¦Ä Ct¸mÄ a\-Ên Nncn-¨p-sh¶v F\nbv¡p a\-Ên-em-bn. AXv B kv{XoI-fpsS \nÀ`m-Kys¯ HmÀ¯m-sW¶v Rm³ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. A§s\ Xs¶ hniz-kn-bv¡m³ Rm³ Xm¦-tfbpw \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p.

FÃm At\z-j-W-§-fp-tS-bpw Ah-km\w B[ym-ßn-IX-bm-sW¶v Xm¦Ä¡-dn-bn-söv F\n-bv¡-dn-bmw. F¶m AXmWv i-cn, B[ym-ßn-I-X. cmjv{So-bw, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\w, tPymXnjw A§s\ Iptd Xe-§-fn- At\z-jWw \S-¯n-bn-«mWv _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb Rm³ B[ym-ßn-I-X-bn-te-bvs¡-¯n-b-Xv F¶v Xm¦Ä HmÀ¡-Ww.

kzbw t\Xm-hmbn {]Jym-¨p-sIm­p Xs¶-bmWv Rm³ cmjv{So-b-¯n At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. F¶p IcpXn kz´w ]mÀ«n-bp-­m¡n Fs¶m¶pw Xm¦Ä hnNm-cn-bv¡-cp-Xv. Rms\mcp _p²n-Po-hn-bmb alm-\m-W-tÃm! AXp-sIm­v Hcp henb ]mÀ«n-bn Xs¶ A§p tNt¡-dn. F¶nt«m? kzbw {]Jym-]nX t\Xm-hmb F\n-bv¡p-th­n Rm³ Xs¶ ap{ZmhmIyw hnfn-¨p. Rm³ Xs¶ Npa-sc-gp-Xn. F¶n«pw ]mÀ«n-bnse henb t\Xm-¡-·mÀ P·-\m _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb Fs¶ sk{I-t«-dn-sb-än\p ap¶nse ka-c-§Ä¡p Ip¯n-bn-cp¶v ap{ZmhmIyw hnfn-¡m\pw em¯n-¨mÀÖn XÃp-sIm-Åm\pw, _Ên\p IsÃ-dn-bm\pw \nÀ_-Ôn-¨p. P·-\m _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb Fs¶ shbnep sImÅm\pw icoc-a-\§n ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡m\pw In-«n-söv Xm¦Ä¡v ]t­ And-bm-a-tÃm.

kz´-ambn ]{Xap-­m¡n kzbw ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-s¡m­p Xs¶-bmWv Rm³ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\w Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. aäp-]-{X-§-sf-t¸mse hmÀ¯-IÄ ka-b-¯n\p Is­-¯m-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\-§n-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm­v Rm³ Xs¶ hmÀ¯-IÄ krjvSn-¨p. _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb F\nbv¡v AsXmcp henb Imcy-a-söv Xm¦Ä¡-dn-bm-a-tÃm. Rm³ krjvSn¨ hmÀ¯-IÄ kaq-l-¯n henb Ne-\-§Ä krjvSn-¨p-sh-¦nepw Fsâ Ne-\-tijn Iptd-\m-f-t¯bv¡v CÃm-Xm-bt¸mÄ ]{Xhpw \n¶p-t]m-bn. Xm¦-sf´m Nncn-¨Xv? Nncn-bv¡-cp-Xv. Fsâ hmÀ¯-I-Ä krjvSn¨ Ne-\-§fp-sS- iàn Xm§m³ Ignbm¯ Nne hnUvVn-IÄ Fsâ he-t¯-apf-¦m-ense Hcp AØn-bn hnÅ-ep-­m¡n F¶p am{Xw Icp-Xn-bm aXn.

A§s\ ]e-Xe§-fnse At\z-j-W-§Ä¡p-tijw Xs¶-bmWv Rm³ B[ym-ßn-I-X-bn-se-¯p-¶-Xv.

]­v Ipgn-bm-\-Kp-cp-¡-·mÀ ]d-ª-Xnsâ s]mcpÄ F\n-bv¡n¶pw a\-Ên-em-«n-söv Rm³ ]d-ª-tÃm. Ah-c-ÃmsX asämcp Kpcp-hn-Ãm¯, P·-\m _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-amb Rm³ Fs¶ Xs¶-bmWv kzbw Kpcp-hm-bn¡-­v B[ym-ßn-I-X-bn-tebv¡pw IS-¶-Xv. apSn hfÀ¯n. XmSn hfÀ¯n. Imjmbw DSp-¯p. AÀ°w a\-Ên-em-bn-sÃ-¦nepw Iptd kwkvIr-X-tÇm-I-§Ä ImWmsX ]Tn-¨p. kz´w ]À®imebn-Ã-¯-Xn-\m Hcp temUvPn apdn-sb-Sp¯v ]À®imebp­m-¡n. s]s«-s¶mcp B[ym-ßn-I-Kpcp Ah-X-cn-¨n«pw \m«p-\-S-¸p-t]mse `à-P-\-§Ä HmSn-¡q-Sn-bn-Ã. AXp-sIm­v F\n-bv¡p-th­n Rm³ Xs¶ t\m«o-k-Sn¨p hnX-cWw sNbvXp. F¶n«pw henb ^e-ap-­m-bn-Ã. Nne Zcn-{Z-hmkn `à-·mÀ h¶v k¦-S-§Ä ]d-ªp. ]Icw Rm³ Iptd kwkvIr-X-tÇ-I-§Ä sNmÃn. F\nbvt¡m AhÀt¡m AÀ°w a\-Ên-em-bn-Ã. e£-§fpw tImSn-Ifpw Z£n-W-bmbn {]Xo-£n-¨n-cp¶ F\nbv¡p ap¶n AhÀ A©n-tâbpw ]¯n-tâbpw t\m«p-IÄ ImWn-bv¡-bn«p Øew hn«p. F´n-\-[n-Iw? HSphn apdn-hm-SI sImSp-¡m-\n-Ãm-Xm-b-t¸mÄ temUvPp-Sa apdn ]q«n Fs¶ ]pd-¯m-¡p-¶Xp hsc B At\z-jWw XpSÀ¶p.

A§s\ AYhm F§-s\tbm Rm³ D]-Po-h\¯n\mbn Cc-]n-Sn¯w XpS§n kplr-t¯.. AÃm.. Rm³ Ct¸mÄ Xm¦sf kplrt¯ F¶p hnfnt¨m? A§s\ hnfn-¨-Xn £an-¡-Ww. Imc-Ww, Xm¦Ä Fsâ kplr-¯-Ã. Xm¦-sf-¶Ã Hcm-fpw Fsâ kplr-¯-Ã. F\nbv¡p kplr-¯p-¡-fn-Ã. Cc-I-tf-bp-Åq. Xm¦Ä DĸsS FÃm-hcpw Fsâ Cc-IÄ am{X-am-Wv. Fsâ D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\pÅ shdpw CcIÄ.

Xm¦Ä Ct¸mÄ kabw t\m¡n-bXv F´n-\m-sW¶v F\n-bv¡-dn-bmw. Iptd t\c-ambn Rm³ am{Xw kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-­-tÃ. Xm¦Ä Ft¶mSv H¶pw ]d-tb-­-Xn-Ã. Rm³ ]d-bp-¶Xp tIÄ¡pI am{Xw sNbvXm aXn. Xm¦Ä Fsâ Cc-bm-sW¶v ad-¡-cpXv tImt«m. _p²n-am\pw alm-\p-amb Rm³ Xm¦-tfmSp kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xp Xs¶ Xm¦Äs¡mcp tbmKy-X-b-tÃ!

F´m-bmepw Hcp HuZmcyw IqSn Rm³ Xm¦Ä¡p Xcp-¶p. AÃm,, Hcp Cc-bpsS am\-Ên-Im-hØ IqSn Rm³ IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡-W-a-tÃm.

Xm¦Ä¡v Ft¶m-sS-s´-¦nepw ]d-bm-\p-s­-¦n Ct¸mÄ ]d-bmw. CXm.. Fsâ ssIbn-en-cn-bv¡p¶ Cu Ip¸n-bnse ]m\obw Rm³ IpSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bnse Hcp s\mSn-bnS Xm¦Ä¡p Rm³ HuZm-cy-ambn Xcp-¶p.

Xm¦Ä H¶pw ]d-ªn-Ã-tÃm. Hm..! Ft¶mSp kwkm-cn-bv¡m-\pÅ alXzw Xm¦Ä¡n-söv Xm¦Ä¡p Xs¶ Adnbmsa¶v Rm³ hniz-kn-bv¡p-¶p!

Rm\n-t¸mÄ IpSn-¨Xv aZy-am-sW-¶m-bn-cn¡pw Xm¦Ä hnNm-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶m A§-s\-b-Ã. AsX-´m-sW¶v Xm¦-f-dn-b-W-sa¶v F\nbv¡p \nÀ_-Ô-an-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m ]d-bp-¶n-Ã.

Xm¦sf Rm³ C¶p apX tamNn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Fsâ Øncw Cc-bpsS Øm\¯p \n¶v Ønc-ambn tamNn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Xm¦sf am{X-aà Fsâ FÃm Cc-I-tf-bpw.

\msf apX Rm³ Xm¦sf ImWn-Ã. Xm¦Ä Fs¶-bpw. Xm¦sf am{X-aà aäp Cc-I-tfbpw Rm³ ImWn-Ã. AhÀ Fs¶-bpw. AXn-\m \ap¡p bm{Xm-samgn sNmÃmw.

AXn\p ap¼v Hcp Imcyw IqSn. \msf apX Fs¶ ImWm-Xm-Ip-t¼mÄ Rm³ Hcp _p²n-Po-hnbpw alm-\p-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Xm¦fpw aäp Cc-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw ]d-bp-sa-s¶-\n-bv¡-dn-bmw. ]c-am-ßm-hn ebn-¨-h-t\mSv kl-Xm-]-ambn Hcp `wKn-hm-¡m-bn-s«-¦nepw A§s\ ]d-bpw. ]s£, Xm¦fpw aäp Cc-Ifpw A§s\ ]d-b-cp-sX¶v Rm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p. c­p Imc-W§fp­v. H¶v, A§s\ ]d-ª-Xp-sIm­v ]tc-X-s\´p ^ew? c­v, Rm³ Hcp alm\pw _p²n-Po-hn-bp-am-sW¶v Ct¸m-gpw hniz-kn-bv¡p-¶p.


F¶m ]ncnbmw. hnS. kzkvXn. 













ACADEMY AWARD [Film Award]




ACADEMY AWARD [Film Award]

Academy Awards, popularly known as “Oscars” [oscar award] (after a librarian at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences compared the prized statue to her Uncle Oscar), the most famous awards in the film industry. Academy Awards are presented each spring for achievements in the previous year, both for individual performers and for the best film. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, an organization founded in 1927 at Hollywood, California, for the purpose of raising the cultural and technical standards of professional film-making. The academy has some 5,000 members, drawn from the performing, technical, and administrative branches of the film industry. Membership is by invitation and eligibility depends on the requirements of a given branch of the academy. Although membership is open to film workers in other countries, the academy has generally been associated with the United States film industry. Annually the academy makes special awards of merit, called the Academy Awards. The symbolic statuette presented to the winners since 1927 is known as an Oscar after the supposed resemblance of the statuette to an Academy employee's uncle called Oscar; 34.3 cm (13.5 in) high and weighing about 4 kg (8.5 lb), the gold-plated bronze human figure was executed by the American sculptor George Stanley based on sketches made by art director Cedric Gibbons. Categories recognized for awards include the best motion picture; performance by a leading actor; performance by a leading actress; performance by an actor in a supporting role (since 1936); performance by an actress in a supporting role (since 1936); achievement in direction; screenplay based on material previously produced or published; original screenplay; art direction; cinematography; costume design; film editing; sound; sound effects; editing; original song; original music score; live-action short subject; animated short subject; documentary feature; documentary short subject; visual effects; best make-up design (since 1982); and foreign-language film (since 1956). In addition, various special or honorary awards are often given for distinguished career or humanitarian achievement. The entire academy membership participates in voting for the annual Academy Awards. In most “best” award categories, a maximum of five entrants are first nominated by the academy members in that particular field. From among these nominees the entire academy then makes its final vote in secret ballots. The winners are publicly announced at a formal ceremony each spring. One hour of the 1928 to 1929 awards ceremony was broadcast on the radio; the entire ceremony was broadcast from 1944 to till. Television broadcasts of the ceremony, beginning in 1953, have become a popular event, attracting worldwide audiences. The academy also supports technical research, maintains a library of film-related materials, and issues bulletins of credits containing the records of producers, actors, writers, directors, and others for production-office use. The headquarters of the academy are in Beverly Hills, California.


ACOUSTICS [Film Technology]










acoustics 
[Film Technology]

Acoustics (Greek, akouein, “to hear”), term sometimes used for the science of sound in general. It is more commonly used for the special branch of that science, architectural acoustics, that deals with the construction of enclosed areas so as to enhance the hearing of speech or music. The acoustics of buildings was an undeveloped aspect of the study of sound until comparatively recent times. The Roman architect Marcus Pollio, who lived during the 1st century BC, made some pertinent observations on the subject and some astute guesses concerning reverberation and sound interference. The scientific aspects of this subject, however, were first thoroughly treated by the American physicist Joseph Henry in 1856 and more fully developed by the American physicist Wallace Sabine in 1900. Acoustics (theatre), the science of sound as applied to theatrical performance. The astonishingly good acoustics of Greek amphitheatres such as that at Epidaurus were developed by trial and error rather than detailed knowledge of physics and mathematics. Indeed, the history of the application of mathematics to the analysis of sound in an enclosed room is less than a century old. The Boston Symphony Hall, built in 1901, was the first auditorium to benefit from the analysis of acoustics by Wallace Clement Sabine. Sabine pointed out that the limited range of the spoken voice, compared to music, may explain in part why theatre has been relatively ignored by acousticians, compared to concert halls. The lack of attention paid to acoustic design and analysis of the theatre is also due to the history and tradition of theatre building which, provided the rules were followed, invariably ensured a successful natural acoustic. Sabine formulated a key equation in acoustics that calculates the reverberation time of an enclosure in the 1920s. Since then, there have been enormous developments in acoustic theory, analysis, and measurement. The study of room acoustics is now a complex, highly mathematical subject. Nevertheless, the essential requirement is simple: that the choice of reverberation time should be carefully selected to suit the intended uses of the auditorium. Theatrical production has special requirements in terms of acoustics. Unlike a seated orchestra, actors move about a wide area, often speaking with their back to the listener. There are also a number of sources of background sound that need to be controlled, in addition to ensuring that the speech on stage is clearly audible—the noise of modern and sophisticated lighting systems and mechanical plant, for example.Modern theatres are invariably expected to be “multi-purpose auditoria”, and have to accommodate anything from wrestling and string quartets to rock music, making the specification of a single, optimum set of acoustic requirements difficult. Another problem is size. Because of their large proportions, these new auditoria rely on sound reinforcement systems. These have evolved from the “assisted resonance” system developed by Peter Parkin and used to good effect in London's Royal Festival Hall in the 1960s. The challenge of the future lies in the possibility of using electro-acoustic reinforcement systems. The use of these remains controversial amongst actors and musicians, but suitably subtle systems may prove to be acceptable to all.